Cancer Hodgkin's Disease Lymph Tissue

Friday, June 29, 2012

Hodgkin's disease, lymph glands, a treatable form of cancer. The most common cancer, lymph node tissue.
Especially common in young men, a disease that affects the body's reticular and lymphatic tissues.
Reason: Hodgkin's disease, a type of white blood cells of the lymph tissue of the effects. Lymphocytes are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also along the armpit, groin, chest, stomach, liver and spleen, lymph glands (nodes) do form clusters. Proliferate and become enlarged lymph cells of Hodgkin's disease. First, a group of lymph nodes affected (mostly long), then the disease spreads to other lymph nodes, lymphatic system, and all goes well.
Symptoms of lymph glands in the neck, over time, as a painless swell. These are not soft, but the consistency of rubber, which can be moved easily, are in separate masses. As the disease progresses, other groups are also swollen lymph glands, and the patient, sometimes lasting up to ten days appear fiery circuits. Groups of swollen lymph nodes, blocks the work of the structures around them. For example, the glands surrounding the bronchi, the airways by the pressure, the patient can lead to shortness of breath, or will some parts of the lung. Swollen spleen, liver, and creates a sense of discomfort in the abdomen as a result of pressure on the nerves, pain or paralysis appears. In some rare cases, the patient, when drinking alcohol, which is swollen glands feel pain.
Treatment: radiation therapy is effective in a specific group meringue. Where widespread swelling, cytotoxic (cell, which is poison) drugs. The most commonly used drugs of this type, which is similar to the nitro-gen mustard mustard gas is "(nitrogen mustard). Other cytotoxics, vinblastine sulphate (vin-blast sulfate) and chlorambucil (chlorine-büsil) also may be tried. The disease is usually accompanied by anemia, and sometimes it may be so severe that the patient requires a blood transfusion. As the local pressure to prevent pain, or any organ, the surgical possible to eliminate.

Irregular Menstruation

Monday, June 25, 2012

Irregular menstruation
 

Normally the 28 day menstrual period is calculated as a woman. (The other one the first day of menstruation until the first day of menstruation begins). This bleeding in approximately 2-5 days. The amount of bleeding during the first days is slightly higher than the last days. Every woman is approximately 30-40 ml of blood lost during menstruation period. The incidence of anemia in women and therefore higher.
Irregular menstrual bleeding is usually the most common cause of pregnancy. Irregularities in the pieces of advancing age after menopause should be considered in the 40s. In addition, thyroid hormones, such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are more or less irregular menstrual bleeding can be considered as a nededi. Now I want to make some explanations related to menstrual irregularity.

What is it? Amenorrhea (Primary Amenorrhea)


Amenorrhea amenorrhea means. To clarify a menstruating woman to pass the time even though two pieces of 3 or 6 months to muster, and one can not see the long birsüredir situation.
In this case between the two ayrılır.Primer amenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea. To briefly describe them throughout the life of primary amenorrhea and no case of primary amenorrhea. Even though she was already one of the pieces of amenorrhea Sekonde means absence of later.


Amenorrhea (primary amenorrhea) What is it?
Amenorrhea amenorrhea means. To clarify a menstruating woman to pass the time even though two pieces of 3 or 6 months for a long time to muster, and one could not see the situation.

In this case we want to explain them in between the two ayrılır.Primer primary amenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea amenore.Kısaca durumudur.Sekonde amenorrhea amenorrhea if her life never previously seen one sees but one state later.

Oligomenorrhoea (Prolonged Periods)
less than 6 months duration of menstruation oligomenorrhea by being more than 35 days, two storms.

Polimenore (Frequently menstruation)
Normally that is likely to increase in the number of pieces of two or more pieces per month according to a brief case.

Hipermenore (excessive bleeding and units)
As mentioned above, approximately 30-40 ml of blood a woman loses one period. Hipermenore is more than the amount of blood lost state.

Menorrhagia (prolonged pcs)
Again, as mentioned above, one case of prolonged period of time, approximately a week or so sürer.Bu considered menorrhagia.

Hipomenore (less than the amount of bleeding or short pieces)
The amount of bleeding, and bleeding time of less than 40 ml of the state of having less than 3 days.

Menorrhagia (Interim bleeding)
Except for pieces of occurrence of bleeding. So one of the usual time, without bleeding.

Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation)
Quantity seen seen during the state of extreme pain. In general, with age, the incidence (frequency) is decreasing. That is a 19-year-old girl in the incidence of dysmenorrhea was 90% 69% 24-year-old girl had a reduced incidence.

Vaginal Dryness of Treatment and Causes

Saturday, June 23, 2012

Today, many women experience vaginal dryness due to health problems. Both normal lives, and what happens during sexual intercourse, vaginal dryness and sexual life look at how the action that follows.
As you know, starting from the tip of the genital region, the region extending to the vagina, the uterus is called. The vaginal duct is composed of approximately 15 cm in length. This channel is not in the presence of a liquid is required. Will be irritated by rubbing against each other over time, otherwise the walls. Irritation will cause severe pain. For this reason should be moist vagina. A big pain in terms of lack of moisture will cause the female vagina. The vagina provides a more fluid at time of sexual intercourse. The reason for this is very slippery than sexual intercourse.
Why should the vagina slippery?
A fluid flow in the vagina is absolutely necessary. The reason for it has been in constant contact with each other, the walls of the vagina. Women are naturally in their daily lives constantly in movement. The walls of the vagina on the move constantly sürtünmektedir together. If a liquid continuously in the vagina, the friction will be the cause of vaginal irritation.
To be much more slippery the vagina during sexual intercourse. Is the reason that this occurs continuously during the friction and tension. If the vagina is not provided, as needed, slippery sexual intercourse for men and women would not be unlikely. Therefore, more fluids are released by the vagina during sexual intercourse.
Can cause vaginal dryness?
Dryness of the vagina is due to the structural conditions of the daily lives of women. In other words, daily life, a vaginal dryness and irritation of the vagina as the humidity is less than in the case of structured this event occur.
Another reason for the vaginal dryness, menopause. As you know, leads to many problems of menopause. The biggest problem of the decline of the hormone estrogen will result in vaginal dryness. This dryness can result in severe irritation to come face to face with problems.
Today, many women experiencing vaginal dryness during sexual intercourse, the report says. This is certainly due to the woman uyarılmamasından enough. Sexual intercourse because the vagina is normally secreted from entering the secretion of fluid than is required. If you feel the vagina is more fluid salgılanmazsa causes the vagina dry and prevent sexual relationship.
Recently been considered as a problem for many couples in sexual intercourse. Because of the problems in this way leads to a worsening of sexual intercourse. If during sexual intercourse, vaginal dryness, you feel absolutely uyarılmanızı supply. Lots of love to play games with your partner before the relationship is required. Provide a result of this will cause more fluid to be stimulated.
Vaginal dryness affect sexual life?
If there is vaginal dryness, women will suffer severely as a result of friction. Therefore, sexual intercourse, women will begin to flee. Detect this situation as no doubt does not want to have intercourse with males.
A good sex life in marriage is absolutely necessary. Also cause long-term marriage, sexual life will be good. If there is a problem such as vaginal dryness, women definitely should consult a specialist about it. Because of this situation to escape from his wife, their marriage may result in dragging the bitter end.
Salgılanmaması enough liquid in the vaginal area as a problem for women is suggested. If you are not working, consult an expert to solve this problem, take the wives of the end of the marriage began to flee. Certainly there are solutions to this problem. To do this, should consult a specialist as soon as possible.

Ulcer Disease and Treatment

Thursday, June 21, 2012

Ulcer, esophagus, stomach, colon, duodenum, or intestinal injuries suffered. Thirty to fifty FREQUENTLY intestinal duodenal ulcer seen at the age of 2 to 4 times more men than women. Stomach ulcers are more common and is under the age of 60 WHEREAS disorder in the family.Ulcers with a part of the body, are the loss of tissue from chronic wounds. Ulcers of the digestive tract, starting from the mouths of the esophagus can, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, to take place everywhere. However, we have most frequently in the stomach and duodenum, small intestine, we see at the entrance of the small intestine called the duodenum intestine. Ulcers, stomach pain, which our people will be found to provide the most common complaints defined. Stomach pain is a pain in the upper side of our stomach. It may take weeks or months or days. Especially when patients remain open at night, subject to the hunger occur more at night. In the style of a pain in the abdomen, they heard talk of a pain in the upper abdomen. Can and can shoot back pain from time to time extend or spread on the floor than the abdomen. Discussion of a small amount of pain is reduced when patients ate. Seen with complaints of pain, burning, heartburn, nausea, sometimes vomiting, ulcers formed by stenosis, more rarely, bleeding ulcers, and sometimes we can see the perforations.

The most common cause of ulcers HAEMORRHAGE digestive system. People with no stomach pain at times I've ever seen. 10 refers to 20 percent of patients with bleeding ulcer HOSPITAL FOR THE FIRST TIME. Most seriously, creating another problem, 80 percent of this type of bleeding stops.Bleeding is a symptom that is really very important. In the absence of abdominal symptoms in some patients, usually mild or asymptomatic, indeterminate findings before, along with other complaints of severe pain suddenly called us to vomiting of blood, called the depth of black tar with ongoing melaena stool can reach. In these cases, the bleeding ulcer suspected and the diagnosis and approaches are applied.WHY IS THE BIGGEST NAMED MİKROPTUR suffer from ulcers, Helicobacter pylori. Among other possible causes PAIN AND RHEUMATIC REGULAR drugs, genetic predisposition, stress, cortisone type drugs are alcohol, smoking, coffee HABIT and pollution.

One of the main reasons for increased secretion of stomach acid or digestive system conditions. Normally, the acid the stomach a function that is required, it is because the proteins acid must for crushing. As a result of numerous factors, some people have raised more than acid secretion. This situation can be than by genetic predisposition, as well as patients with neural structure of the nervous system, may be a factor stressed in three regular meals are eaten. Increased use of aspirin and other painkillers medications can acid secretion and ulcer formation in that it can directly increase the damage to the stomach wall barriers. One of the most important factors among them is a bacterium Helicobacter pylori.BACTERIA IN gastric Helicobacter pylori contains about half of the world community is appreciated. Becoming the world's most common infectious disease FEATURE This feature can be said that it carries.These bacteria are known for almost twenty years. We do not know about these bacteria, in earlier periods. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacteria. The mucous membranes are in the wall of the stomach is. Normally, in the majority of patients, but the formation of gastritis, a part of the increase of acid secretion, a section of the formation of chronic ulcers and over the years, the progression of chronic gastritis can lead to prolapse of developing gastric cancer.The diagnosis is usually diagnosed with ulcer BOARD FEATURES. MUST for endoscopy definite diagnosis.First, patients need to take a detailed medical history. The examination of the abdomen, it may be necessary to tender points in certain areas can, because they can see the abdominal examination, the abdomen, and this sensitivity directly to us. If the patient complains of pain in this story warns us started, especially at night. Koymaktayız gastroscopy in a way that we as a definitive diagnosis. This method is the mouth of a light in the optical system of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum barsağının process of investigation. This method has no harm to the patient. Are important for visual diagnosis can be obtained directly from the upper GI endoscopy and biopsy, if necessary. Can the biopsy to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori, and also the commissioning Coulomb test, the presence of the bacterium. Suffer ulceration is one of the suspects identified the most important methods for the use of gastroscopy application.Gastroscopy, a small, lighted, Curl a tube, the esophagus, stomach and duodenum DIRECT EYE, the existence of the intestine.Generally, the path of the patient vessel, and whereby it is carried out to become drowsy Drug Application no operation without difficulty gastroscopy.Drugs and diet to treat ulcers. Continuing Medical treatment time consciously initiated and 85 percent cure, helps ulcers. Contrary to popular belief COMPLAINT OR LOSS aches usually drinking milk healing hand under the Transition Facility, TO does not mean that simple measures such as taking a drug. CONSCIOUS healing effect over a long period of treatment with patience and GET.If we diagnose ulcer treatment, advise patients to eat regular meals as possible, fried and fatty foods is now banned applied a very strict diet, you must obey these rules already, in order to protect public health. Recommendation to keep eating three regular meals, breakfast can be taken along inter-aspirin pain medication and away from drugs as possible, avoid cigarettes and alcohol. In addition, use a medication to suppress acid secretion and try to eliminate the bacteria Helicobacter pylori called. A triple-antibiotic therapy most commonly used method of treatment, together with two antibiotics, gastric acid-suppressing proton pump inhibitors used iniptörü seklesyonunu. This combination of the patient at least a week, including morning and evening, preferably 14 days for interference. This combination of antibiotics because bacteria in the stomach environment, away from the presence of bacteria resistant to acid and chronically elevated seklesyonunu leads to the formation of ulcers. The bacteria were removed when the ulcer and gastritis, and never to return to be improved. Then seklesyonunu acid suppressing medication is continued for about a month. With a total of-a-half-month drug treatment of stomach ulcers or duodenal ulcers are removed.FREQUENCY of stomach cancer pain and burning AS increases at a certain age after endoscopic ULCER ASSESSMENT REQUIRED to have typical symptoms. CANCER duodenal ulcers are at low risk. Cancer but are likely to be caused by ulcers, gastric ulcers.Cancer education is a part of stomach ulcers carry the risk of stomach ulcers is thus biopsies should be taken when absolutely Environmental ulcer are seen. Gastric ulcer is healed and should not be improved after treatment reassessed. Cancer education, you run the risk of ulcer healing göstermemişse In this sense, he can go to a more advanced treatment methods.Ulcers can cause bleeding. QUICK VERTIGO bleeding, dizziness, palpitations and nausea OCCUR. Sometimes bleeding ulcer bleeding in hidden FORM will be determined by themselves and fade weakness due to anemia.If you vomit blood or rectal bleeding ulcer, black colored stools have been done as an emergency medical reference and hospital costs. Caused by blood loss, dizziness, fatigue, and symptoms such as fainting. These complaints yatılmasını necessarily need to be hospitalized. The patient should be encouraged in order given by mouth, intravenous therapy, intravenous medications, acid secretion and gastroscopy to be performed to reduce seklesyonunun eat. Gastroscopy active bleeding or ulcers, bleeding ulcer, we found that when treating the possibility of endoscopic ulcers on combustion or by injection and stop to spend the current bleeding a chance if the bleeding Sun the patient gastroscopy, endoscopy can be done is worthwhile, If a location, help was sought.The puncture can result in gastric ulcer. Stomach contents into the abdominal cavity by creating a hazardous condition. Surgery in the treatment of the usually happens.Should follow, the patient must be diagnosed with perforation and drilled to be surgically repaired in a surgical unit. In addition, there was almost a surgical treatment of ulcers not stay in our time. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori are the formation of acid in the treatment of surgical treatments are very effective drugs is limited solely to requests for complications.SMOKING ulcers and QUICK Again may be delayed ulcer healing. Rheumatism and similar medicines GENERAL ulcer patients should not aspirin. PURCHASE surface repair can result in delays of alcohol gastritis and peptic ulcers by breaking resistance of the mucosa.Can be a regular diet for the prevention of stomach and not be restricted for a long time. The longer you stay hungry, because that will increase gastric acid secretion of stomach acid on the wall at that rate and the resulting damage. If there is food in the stomach and dilute acid also reduces the possibility of damage. Three regular meals should be eaten, must stay away from stress factors, should leave smoking, seklesyonunun to the secretion of stomach acid should be run, irregular nansolit anti-drugs are not used influamatar. Heart, especially at an advanced age, diabetes, vascular disease in patients with these diseases need to be careful in the use of painkillers, or even should not take drugs without medical supervision. Digestive system farkettiğimizde things that do not have to rely generally on their doctor. Especially at night when there is more pain before the start of such a complaint is sufficient reason to refer to a doctor.

General information about cataracts and treatment methods

Wednesday, June 20, 2012

Hi EveryoneFuzzy görmenizden eye doctor who is responsible for kataraktınızdan suggests you have the operation, because the only cure is surgery to correct you to see.
This document has been prepared to provide information on the surgery and the risks.Cataract
The lens (lens) is characterized bulanıklaşmasıyla, located inside the lens of your eye naturally. (Photographic apparatus, such as in the lens)Why is cataract surgery?
What is a cataract because droplets formed nor any other medicines can not cure. There is no other treatment is surgery.Cataract surgery
Surgery, under a microscope, carried out in a sterile operating room.

    The hospital stay: a few hours' bed rest in patients operated on with local anesthesia is sufficient.
    Anesthesia: Local eye drops or drugs with a needle is removed so that the immobilized and pain sensation.
    Taken of cataract: an ultrasound according to the degree of maturity of the cataract (phacoemulsification) can be done with the seamless or welded classical method.
    An artificial intraocular lens (intraocular lens): Instead of taking the artificial intraocular lens is placed on the cataract.
    Incision: 3.2 mm. seamless or welded in place of the classical method can be made.
    Intraoperative difficulties and possible unforeseen circumstances: Rare and prediction of the anterior chamber, or a halter instead of posterior chamber lens edilemezler.Bazen apply. 5% of cases of posterior capsule rupture, bleeding can occur, in very rare cases may result in loss of vision.
Post-operative situation.

    In many cases (95%), cataract surgery is painless. Vision to see very quickly that the best a few weeks after remission, and other diseases to see the spectacle affect yazılabilir.gözde.
    Drops and ointments are applied for two months after surgery. During this time driving a car dangerous and not suitable for heavy duty work.
    30% of cases, also, be a few years after the secondary antihazing: YAG laser, this can be eliminated by the so-called secondary cataract.
Complications of cataract surgery.
Very good results even when the risk-free operation rule does not apply here. No one can guarantee that the surgery would be successful in 100%

    Serious complications of surgery are rare. In some cases, may result in the loss of a second operation to see more gerekebilir.Hatta:
    Inflammation (a rate of 1-3 per 1000 cases)
    Blow to the eye by the patient himself
    Retinal detachment (1 case in 100)
    Blurring of the cornea
    Completely fails to get the cataract
    Artificial eye lens over the shift
    Fluid collection in the yellow stain retinal (macular edema)
Other complications are much more rare.

    Decrease in the upper lid (ptosis)
    Of the eyelid or white of a collection of fluid (edema)
    The feeling of floating fly
    Sensitivity to light
    Aseptic inflammation of the eye (uveitis)
    Elevation of intraocular pressure
    Astigmatism
    Shaded or double vision
    Refractive power of intraocular lens miscalculation

Breast Cancer: Treatment and Symptoms

Sunday, June 17, 2012

Breast cancer: Cause not known, but some families are more frequent and occur infrequently, it is claimed that women nursed her child. Frequently occurring in women, a type of cancer found in men, also.

Symptoms: breast, painful or painless, firm, or the appearance of a mass or bloody nipple fluid secretion in a clean, classic symptoms. Swelling of the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes or the skin overlying the tumor can be seen in pürtüklenmesi. One type of cancer, the initial appearance, reminiscent of the nipple egzamasını. Some rare, rapidly progressive, except in cases of mass grows very slowly, but eventually, untreated cancer, the body through the lymphatic system and blood circulation, particularly in the spine and pelvis (pelvic) spread to the bones, and symptoms that arose around the beginning, the actual disease is not sex reminds .

Treatment depends on the stage of disease. Quick is diagnosed, the surgeon, the mass, understood that they are cancer biopsy, removes the breast. Spread in the axillary lymph nodes-that is the case-memeyle most cases, these glands and the muscles under the breast is removed. Postoperative radiotherapy may be recommended and hastarin over the years, is a dentist at regular intervals, if necessary, re-treatment of the disease and understanding whether the application is started again. It is understood that the initial examination, metastases occur, radiotherapy alone for treatment of breast removed and referred to the original. Some tumors, hormone therapy or removal of the ovaries and adrenal glands, responds to, but not yet able to decide what kind of tumors from the beginning of this reaction is impossible gösterebileceğine. Removal of the pituitary gland, or radioactive substance in the gland has been some good results by placing ytri-yum. The most important factor in treatment-tor, is fast. Demonstrated a mass in the breast to a doctor immediately.

Recommendations for Breast Cancer:

- Examine your breasts 5 days after the menstrual period. Because the body is within 5 days of menstrual period, but then would throw edema and inspect the breasts in any bathroom. Note that when examining altlarınızı seat.
- The first examination will receive the masses. This chest is due to its very structure. Over time, get used to the masses.
- masses of all women after the age of 20 may occur. This is normal. These are not poor masses.
- until the age of 35-40 years, or an ultrasound examination every 6 months is sufficient. After this age would be appropriate mammography shooting.
- Breast cancer consists of five phases. The first two phases can be detected by mammography. 4 is an important cancer stage is reached. Today, cancer patients, without nozzles atlatabiliyorlar.
- After certain age should be placed under observation of the masses. Masses of growth and increasing the risk of cancer. However, this is not always the case.
- Some doctors in the family history of breast cancer risk is 50% higher than the ones that say to other women.
- Some audiences may not have pain when the pain some of the masses. But, still, the pain is not a sign of bad things. Some of the pain caused by breast milk gland.
- Feel free to doctors. If you have a family history of breast cancer in particular, regular checkups to make sure. 

 

Umbilical Hernia in Adults

Thursday, June 14, 2012

Before birth, the umbilical blood vessels passed between mother and child bond and the creation of tree ring growth for the child's needs. From birth, these vessels close to each other. Become a belly button ring version of the hub is not yet fully formed organs in the abdominal cavity is not closed is called umbilical hernia swelling. Therefore, umbilical hernia (umbilical hernia), congenital origin. Most of these hernias close spontaneously over time. Therefore, umbilical hernias in children up to age 4 (strangulation of a hernia, intestinal obstruction does not result in such cases) is monitored.However, adults are not going to get hernia surgery should be self closing when it occurs. Simple and safe way to correct surgically fıtıklarını Belly. Direct hernia defect (open or laparoscopic methods with methods) and the definitive treatment of the edges of the recurrence risk is low Yaklaştırılmasıyla would have made. Repair of the abdominal wall, where a patch is available materials is very weak (graft). ForIncreasing intra-abdominal pressure, such as other types of hernia repair in all cases (chronic cough, pregnancy, constipation, heavy lifting) is one of the reasons for the formation of umbilical hernia. All hernia umbilical hernia '8.5% is.

Umbilical hernia, belly button ring on your finger you can feel. Also, belly pain, swelling, tenderness, deformity may be aware of the umbilical hernia. Swelling, suddenly does not fit into or within the hernia yatınca running, began to grow out of it, increased sensitivity, toilet, nausea, vomiting, other symptoms such as inability to contact the hospital as an emergency. This is the core fıtığınızın enters into one or more abdominal organs, and there needs to be done without losing the vitality of these organs jam jammed means for emergency surgery. Otherwise, you will only umbilical hernia surgery operation, the surgical procedure, need for organ jam.

Cancer Hospital in the Chinese Revolution

Monday, June 11, 2012

Military hospitals in Beijing, China's top executives were treated for 6 months before the cancer center began to accept the opening of foreign patients. Applying gene therapy in the hospital, one of 130 centers in China, Germany, Canada and the Netherlands will increase the quality of life improvements as those who have the gene for Turkish patients being treated.

Looking for hope for cancer patients and their relatives went to China, this article series. Applying gene therapy of cancer of the biggest hospitals in Beijing, the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, one of the treatments have witnessed with them. Most of the patients who come here of Turkish chemotherapy, radiation therapy with conventional treatment methods such as the contributors were tried but did not get a result. Aşinaydılar cancer, surgical applications, atlatmışlardı ... Most of the language of medicine cancer has metastasized, ie spread. 10-hour journey in Istanbul-Beijing we went with 5 cancer patients and their relatives. I'm going with the patient in the hospital encountered more Turkish.

Patients were not easy at all for this long flight. Uncertainty in their heads, even yoruldular added stress of moving away from relatives. Tears sometimes secretly, sometimes openly flowed. Was semi-comatose who reach the hospital. Zordulandılar Chinese-speaking doctors and nurses to communicate. Many came to China for the first time. "Such nasipmiş" said ... Settling chambers "did not treat me," he prepared to return to Turkey met with patients. Those who want to go back to that moment was.

"Do not worry, here I came to a wheelchair, will travel to the city recovered," said the patients were comforted. Here are receiving this treatment are patients in this series the biggest reference. I talked to them individually for you. There are interesting posts. Treatment challenges, burdens, troubles, and told the results. "How impressed do worked, how it has developed, is it expensive, difficult to be treated in China? .." They gave answers to these questions openly.

In January, the second largest hospital in Beijing, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital opened its international cancer center. The Turks formed the majority of meals for patients in this center, interpreter for the Turks until everything has been revised. As well as the Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Normal University, Haidian Hospital, Sun Yat Sen University, is the Turkish patients. Rates between 6 and 8 weeks of treatment in these hospitals suite shows great differences from hospital to hospital. budget of the organization by tourism firms sağlanınca treatment swells a great deal. Starts at $ 8 per thousand to 60 thousand dollars in treatment can increase and decrease.

Unresponsive to conventional treatment methods, chemotherapy, radiation therapy final stage cancer patients does not provide the healing practices such as "gene therapy" is promising to extend life span by increasing the quality of life. Takes an average of 6 to 8 weeks in China, the gene therapy ... If the first cure of cancer treatment response, ie the first four weeks beginning the second cure. If necessary, can go up to 12 weeks of treatment is prolonged to 8 weeks.

This treatment of lung, liver, stomach, intestine, ovary, pancreas, including breast cancer and nearly 40 metastasları type of cancer is claimed to be effective ... Leukemia is not used in the head and neck cancer. Applying a combination of conventional treatment, gene therapy, the Military Hospital in Beijing. It took place in the same genetic chemotherapy drugs are given.  

Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

Sunday, June 10, 2012

The last 2 years, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) has become increasingly defined. [1] Historically mistaken for a paranasal sinus tumors, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is now generally, with an immunocompetent host is believed to be an allergic reaction to aerosolized environmental fungi, dematiaceous species. This, such as patients with diabetes mellitus and AIDS affect the immune hosts is in contrast to invasive fungal infections. Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), the majority of patients have a history of allergic rhinitis and allergic fungal sinusitis exact timing (AFS), the development can be difficult to distinguish. , As shown below, the thick fungal debris and mucin, sinus allergies no longer available gaps in the drive to be developed and must be removed surgically. After removal of disease recurrence is not uncommon. Anti-inflammatory drug therapy and immunotherapy are employed to prevent recurrence. See the following theimage.Ethmoid bulla in the center of the picture, with the left middle meatus aspiration with thick allergic mucin is the intake at the bottom of the image is at the end. Procedures NextHistoryA few years ago, the nose and paranasal sinuses of invasive fungal disease was represented by a deadly disease. Management followed with topical and systemic antifungal therapy consisted of wide surgical debridement. Early, Aspergillus, a fungus known to cause invasive disease of the sinus, because this culture techniques result in dematiaceous due to the limitations and lack of knowledge of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) from patients with paranasal sinus fungus was only paranasal sinus disease. Thus, an aggressive disease were treated.

In 1976, Safirstein that Aspergillus polyposis, crust formation, and sinus cultures, the combination of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a benign constellation of findings is similar to that observed in allergic process. [2] has been reproduced and expanded explanation Safirstein allergic Aspergillus sinusitis, allergic aspergillosis, paranasal sinuses, and reports. In the late 1980s, a fungal disease process is more widely accepted as a good-natured, and allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) creates the expansion of the affected sinus cavities because most imaging studies were mixed with a paranasal sinus tumors.In 1989, Robson and his colleagues term this situation may cause a number of different fungi introduced following reports of allergic fungal sinusitis, only Aspergillus. [3] While the disease becomes more known, is related to the diagnosis and treatment of confusion.PreviousNextProblemReconciliation of any allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) criteria are among the rhinologists. Some authors have made observations.

In 1991, Allphin and colleagues more than the presence of radiographic paranasal sinuses, allergic mucin characteristic histological findings and laboratory evidence of allergy, including concentrate on other forms of fungal sinusitis, distinguish allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) felt that certain features described. In 1993, Loury, and Schaefer, eosinophilia, immediate skin reactivity of fungal antigens, or serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, elevated total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, such as polyps in the nasal mucosal edema or allergic mucin containing multiple diagnostic criteria for invasive fungal hyphae suggested that histopathological findings and characteristic findings on CT or MR. [4] reporting experience of the Mayo Clinic in 1994, Cody et al diagnostic criteria or a positive fungal cultures collected mucin or non-invasive fungal hyphae in allergic mucin, including not only simplified the characteristic. [5] In 1994, the Bent and Kuhn is probably the most widely accepted criteria for diagnosis are described. Based on analysis of 15 cases, five common characteristics of Gell and Coombs type I (IgE mediated) fungi, nasal polyposis, characteristic radiographic findings, sinus tissue, eosinophilic mucin without fungal invasion of hypersensitivity, including positive and fungal, were observed. [6] In 1997, sinus contents removed during surgery, stains, deShazo radiographic evidence of sinusitis, the presence of allergic mucin (roughly defined as, or histopathology), a positive fungal stain or culture, including a similar set of five criteria, the proposed surgery, the absence of contributing factors ( eg., diabetes mellitus, immune), the sine and the absence of fungal infestation. [7]A positive fungal culture in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) does not confirm a diagnosis, nor a negative culture does not exclude. For example, the growth of saprophytic fungi may proliferate diseased sinuses. In addition, the ability to change laboratories mycology and fungal cultures, for example the preparation of a significant proportion of positive effects in the clinical setting. Allergic mucin allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is the most reliable indicator. Fungus disease of the sinuses and nasal polyps (AFS), the differential diagnosis is not unique to other mycotic diseases must be defined and the following reasons:Invasive fungal sinusitis: This condition usually have immunity, or in patients with diabetes and is characterized by tissue penetration angioinvasive found in fungi. Hyperesthesia, local pain, nose, and necrosis (an immune person) strongly suggest that invasive fungal sinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) helps to distinguish this disease. Saprophytic fungal growth: The growth of one or more of patients with chronic suppurative paranasal sinusitis can be found in the space. Similar growth in the nose of the patients had an aggressive sinonasal surgery or those with rhinitis sicca may occur in the debris. Fungal cultures may be positive, despite the absence of clinical manifestations of allergic mucin, and invasive fungal sinusitis in the absence of gross and histiologic findings suggest saprophytic fungal growth. Mycetoma, aspergilloma or fungus ball of the sinuses: the clinical presentation of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is different. Rather than involving multiple sinuses, typical of a fungus ball usually a single sinus, sphenoid, maxillary antrum, or contains. Allergic patients is not necessarily affected by this condition and usually do not show nasal polyps. Histological examination of material removed from the sinuses shows fungal hyphae alone without eosinophils. In these patients, surgery is often beneficial. Eosinophilic mucin sinusitis: allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), it can not be distinguished clinically Pansinusitis, polyps, mucin is characteristic. However, no fungal hyphae examination reveals mucin. Free of fungal sinusitis (APS) is more frequent, such as asthma, allergy, but in this case, a feature is not fixed. Ferguson suggested that this situation may represent a variant of the triple Samter. 
 PreviousNextEpidemiologyFrequencyApproximately 5-10% of patients affected by chronic rhinosinusitis, in fact, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) carry a diagnosis. Atopy characteristic of the disease, about two-thirds of the patients reported a history of allergic rhinitis and 90% of one or more antigen-specific IgE levels are elevated. Manning et al, a series of approximately 50% of patients with asthma. No connection has been established aspirin sensitivity.The incidence of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), seems to be affected by geographic factors. Review of world literature, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) are reported in most temperate regions of the site reveals a relatively high humidity. However, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), based on where the incidence of reporting sites have changed significantly. U.S. Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), the Mississippi basin, was the most common in the Southeast and Southwest. This geographic difference remains unexplained.Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), the most common in adolescents and young adults, average age 21.9 years at diagnosis. Allergic fungal sinusitis, male-female (M / F) ratio (AFS) is slightly different from published reports, but all ages are considered together, is believed to be equal. Published 29 journal articles in the literature 98 cases in the 1980s and early 1990s, equal M / F incidence. University of Texas Southwestern (UT) is also the author of 151 patients and review by colleagues with the ages ranging from 5-75 years, equal M / F ratio was detected. [8]However, M / F ratio in children and adults with age-dependent and may be different. Review of patients at UT Southwestern, children, men (2.1:1 E / F ratio, mean age, 13 y), judges and adults, women (M / F ratio 1:1.4 judges, the average age, 36 y). And other studies, with an average age of the young average age, number of male dominance is more likely to have an evaluation of sex ratios. The mean age of female-dominated series, while the male-dominated series, the average age of 33, 25 and 27, respectively. The only other pediatric series consisted of 10 patients, and 13.6 years, average age of a 1.5:1 E / F ratio had. Interestingly, patient 2 single organization revised series of time when an earlier study, age range 13-51 years (mean age 27.5 years), 1.5:1 to an E / N ratio, and then analysis was 13-69 years (mean age not given) with an age range, a 1:1.4 E / F ratio had.PreviousNextEtiologyMost rhinologists allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), fungal spores, allergic mucin and nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of the nose where polyposes mushrooms, believe it is an allergic reaction. Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), the causative fungus is usually due to Aspergillus allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) with a small component of the genera Bipolaris, Curvularia, Exserohilum, Alternaria, Drechslera, Helminthosporium, and Fusarium are dematiaceous formed. Manning, a 1996 review conducted by the British literature, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), 263 cases, 168 cases had positive fungal cultures, which have been identified. Aspergillus 168, this has only 13% positive cultures, 87%, was dematiaceous genus.To date, the largest single-center experience reported to UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas is located. PNS writer and his colleagues obtained in this evaluation by the fungus Bipolaris, Curvularia, then, the following Table 1, with an incidence similar in adults and children, showed that the most common pathogen is present. Most commented, the most common fungus Bipolaris and Curvularia species, indicating that the recovered agree.Geographic location, particularly examined, further to the west and the inner series, Bipolaris species are more likely to be dominated by fungi recovered. When the Southeast Series, Curvularia species recovered was higher. Interestingly, the UT Southwestern experience, 13% of adults but no children rescued from Aspergillus. A report from India who not only rescued Aspergillus fungi in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) detection have found in all 11 patients.Table 1: Active fungal UT Southwestern Medical Center (Open in a new window Table) at the designatedFungusChildren (n = 44), adult (n = 107) Bipolaris21 (66%, 21/32) 40 (57%, 40/70) Curvularia7 (22%, 7/32) 12 (17%, 12/70) Exserohilum22Alternaria13Aspergillus ( Niger / flavus) 09 (13%) Acremonium01Chrysosporium01Helminthosporium01No Growth221No Bipolaris/Curvularia1 Data1216Combination1 Aspergillus / AcremoniumControversy exists on whether the disease was infectious or allergic. Manning and Holman objective of this discussion was addressed by two separate studies. [9] In the first study, culture-positive Bipolaris allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), 8 patients were prospectively allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) compared with control groups that do not have 10. Both groups (1) radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the inhibition to Bipolaris-specific IgE and IgG antibodies, and Bipolaris antigen (2) skin test. All 8 patients had positive RAST and Bipolaris Bipolaris antigen-specific IgE and IgG ELISA inhibition reactions had positive skin test for. 10 in the control group of eight allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) in the pathophysiology of the antigen (both in vivo and in vitro), implicating the importance of allergy, skin and serologic tests were negative consequences as well.A complementary study, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) of 14 patients with allergic fungal sinusitis, sinus mucosal samples (AFS) compared with control groups that do not have 10. Eosinophilic mediators (major basic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin) and neutrophil derived mediators (neutrophil elastase) were performed to evaluate the immunohistochemical analysis of the key features of inflammation. Induced eosinophilic mediators (P is much more commonAllergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) associated with the concept of eosinophilic activation in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and mucin eosinophil cationic protein levels in serum of patients studied was stressed by Feger et al. No differences in serum eosinophil cationic protein in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and the control group of patients are detected, but levels of eosinophilic cationic protein in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) mucins were significantly higher in patients, PStudies such as Manning et al and al Feger strong immunologic and allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is a highly contagious fungal diseases than a point on the spectrum of immunological disorders histological data to support the argument that the offer represented. [10]PreviousNextPathophysiologyToday, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) in the pathophysiology of allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease (a term instead of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) is considered to be similar. Manning and his colleagues, and events in several related factors in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) have suggested that the development and monochrome. First, it provides atopic main antigenic stimulus by the normal nasal respiration theoretical, fungi is exposed. Cause tissue edema after an initial inflammatory response is a Gell and Coombs type I (IgE mediated) and type III (immune complexâ?-Mediated) reaction develops as a result of both. Such septal deviation or turbinate hypertrophy, stasis within the sinuses as a result, may be accentuated by anatomic factors, obstruction of the sinus ostium. For this reason, the landlord is allergic increasing antigenic exposure, creates an ideal environment for yeast proliferation even more.A point, the loop may elect to self-this process, the final product, allergic mucin, fungal sinusitis, allergic (APS) is held in patients with sinus to fill the resulting material becomes. This accumulation of debris, and the process of blocking the spread of the involved sinuses.The allergic mucin, and ultimately, clinical, histological and radiological features, the production of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is private and serves as a hallmark of the disease. Grossly, allergic fungal mucin, a thick strong and highly viscous. The color is light brown, brown or dark green as depicted in the following figures, subject to change. Speaking of allergic fungal mucin, peanut butter and axle grease, such as its characteristic gross appearance resulted in the use of descriptive terms.Ethmoid bulla in the center of the picture, with the left middle meatus aspiration with thick allergic mucin is the intake at the bottom of the image is at the end. Viscosity of a thick allergic mucin in a patient with allergic fungal sinusitis is being drawn from the nasal cavity and the vestibule. PreviousNextPresentationNasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, or nasal congestion, runny nose, inflamed, with symptoms of chronic sinusitis with nasal drainage and headaches normally found in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) in patients with. Generally, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), the presentation is subtle. Patients typically, on investigation, the gross description of allergic fungal mucin gradually match the semi-solid nasal crusts and production complaining of nasal obstruction. Development unaware of the existence of the patient's own nasal congestion, can be slow, so slow. If you have facial dysmorphia, because of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), a slow progression, so that its progression is usually slow, unrecognized by the patient and family members. Pain Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) with bacterial rhinosinusitis in patients with rare and suggest the presence of.Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) Patients who are atopic, but the symptoms are usually antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and were previously unresponsive to immunotherapy. The use of systemic corticosteroids, can produce some relief of symptoms, recurrence after completion of therapy, but are typical. In patients with invasive fungal sinusitis, unlike in patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) are always immunity.

Gross facial disfigurement and orbital examination, physical findings, and ocular abnormalities in range of 1 following image portrayed from nasal congestion caused by intranasal inflammation and polyposis, usually broad. , The Author and his colleagues proptosis, facial dysmorphism, the 2nd image depicting said telecanthus, and flattening inflammation, more commonly a series of 151 patients (42% vs 10%) than that of adults and children 17 years of age was 18 years old or older and children under the age of 44 to 107, including adults, the following Table shown in figure 2.Only the anterior nasal cavity and extending into the vestibule showing widespread polyposis View inside the nasal vestibule, septum on the right side and right lateral vestibular wall (nasal ala) on the left side. All located in the center of the polyps. Polyps in the nasal vestibule virtually hang out. Allergic fungal flattening of the right proptosis, telecanthus and malar A 15-year-old boy with sinusitis cause their eyes are asymmetrical position is pushed inferiorly by the left and right side of his nasal ala. Spheres, showing the asymmetric positioning of the eyes and telecanthus and 9-year-old girl with allergic fungal sinusitis.In general, patients in this study proptosis is present, the flattened sidewall proptosis telecanthus and a display depending on the amount described above, can be determined. Development is often occurred over long periods of proptosis, diplopia or loss of vision is usually not seen.However, when the adjacent anatomic spaces allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) as an extension of the clinical course is dramatic, such as vision loss, can produce. She encountered in 3 of 82 patients identified by the ophthalmic nerve compression caused by Marple and colleagues allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), a fungus disease in Visual loss was reversible with immediate surgical removal. [11] Return weeks occurred in the month.

Table 2: Features of Facial Asymmetry (Table Open in a new window)Face and ConditionChildrenAdultsPresence (who studied 44 children, 107 adults) asymmetry of the 15/36 (42%) (8 unknown) * 10/103 (10%) (4 unknown) / * Proptosis with telecanthus with (obvious), malar flattening8/157 Without / 10Proptosis (Â £ 2 mm, not significant, measured) * All original clinical records flattening 0/152/10Telecanthus alone6/151/10Malar alone1/150/10 problems.PreviousNextIndications facial asymmetry or a vision, not to mention the presence or absenceAllergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), all patients with sinus surgical debridement should be performed. Fungus inciting antigen for immunotherapy to be successful should be removed. Any recurrent disease should be removed surgically.Anatomy PreviousNextRelevantAnatomy of the surgical procedure is the same as for any ESS. Usually, anatomy, because the expansion of the sinuses is impaired secondary to the disease process. The lateral nasal wall, obliterating the nasal cavity on the affected side, is pushed medially and below 1 As shown in the lower and middle turbinates, the two images, is pushed inferomedially. If included in the ethmoid sinuses, the roof is usually extended superiorly into the anterior cranial fossa and the lateral wall, as shown in the following final orbit expanded.Spheres, showing the asymmetric positioning of the eyes and telecanthus and 9-year-old girl with allergic fungal sinusitis. Coronal CT of the sinuses with the expansion of the right orbit and right on the mucocele into the right-hand side shows the intense allergic fungal sinusitis. Expansion of the lower extension of the middle turbinate with the ethmoid complex and more in a patient with allergic fungal sinusitis is a typical view of the middle meatus.  
This view of an operative.  

PreviousNextContraindicationsSpecific contraindications fungal debris and allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) for patients who have surgical removal of polyps. Normally, these patients' immune healthy individuals.